Wings of Romance: Courtship of Black-and-Yellow Broadbill

During my recent birding excursion along Tapon Road in Sumatra, Indonesia, I found myself in the fortunate position of witnessing the impressive courtship rituals of the black-and-yellow broadbill, an avian resident of Southeast Asia. Its ethereal dance was a sight to behold.

A courtship ritual is a combination of ornate behaviours and displays exhibited by animals to captivate potential mates. Across the diverse array of bird species, these rituals boast a panorama of forms—from melodious calls to visual spectacles (e.g., displays of vibrant plumage, graceful motions) to displays of strength to even offerings of food. What is the paramount goal of such elaborate rituals? To secure the continuation of their lineage and propagate their genetic legacy.

The black-and-yellow broadbill orchestrates its courtship endeavours as the dry season dawns. The period of courtship varies across the geographical expanse. On the Sumatra Island, the courtship happens between January to July.

With grace, the broadbill commences its wing display—a prelude to the courtship spectacle. Raising its wings, as if reaching for the heavens, it positions them slightly above its back. Then a “ballet” ensues displaying its flight feathers—a stunning sequence of gentle unfurling and closure of wings. At times, a singular wing takes the lead, accompanied by a rhythmic wagging of the tail.

These visual overtures unfold in harmonious synchrony, punctuated by a rhythmic opening and closing of the beak. The show is followed by a melody or a bout of foraging. Courtship displays are a sign of mating readiness, a proclamation of desire.

These rituals not only enchant potential mates, they also prevent interbreeding (mating between different species). Through their delicate choreography, birds meticulously select suitable partners, increasing the probability of fruitful reproduction and the continuity of the species.